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I mean i would never dispute that India was enslaved, but I think characterizing it as they were enslaved and all there ideas were stolen is a stretch. If they were so innovative and advanced how were they enslaved? Western institutions were a major advancement, things like the caste system held back India and did not come from the west. Those systems were certainty perpetuated by the west but also be Indian leadership as well the same way slavery held the US back but still was spurred on by southern leadership.

Adopting western institutions is a large reason Japan become the dominant Asian force leading up to ww2.

I think your probably correct they will become the 3rd largest economy but they also have the second largest economy that makes a huge difference. What makes Americas economy insane is they have been about 25-50% of world GDP for the last 100 years despite being less than 5% of the population. In terms of an efficient economy they are a large way to go still but I think they will become very wealth because I agree the country is full of smart people


Q.> I mean i would never dispute that India was enslaved, but I think characterizing it as they were enslaved and all there ideas were stolen is a stretch. If they were so innovative and advanced how were they enslaved?

A.: It's because the ancient Indians focused mostly on scientific and cultural progress, while their enemies focused on warfare and destruction.

That's why ancient India built and shared the world's first universities, but the Turkish/Arabic invaders (led by Khilji) from the desert raided, destroyed and looted those priceless vast knowledge repositories.

It is always easier to destroy, it is much harder to build. It is easier to shoot a gun to kill, it is harder to build a library or a home.

Ancient Indians shared so much information to the world, but instead of thanks, the world took so much. Because it is easier to hate when you are jealous of someone's achievements and prosperity (ancient India was world's #1 economy for thousands of years, and had the most fertile lands and biggest rivers).

Q.>What makes Americas economy insane is they have been about 25-50% of world GDP for the last 100 years despite being less than 5% of the population.

A.>The super economies of America, Europe and UK were not built upon their own merits, it was all done by invading, looting and enslaving half the world, especially India, Asia and Africa. Read up on colonial history first.

It is easy to build a skyscraper or a beige in USA or UK or Europe, if you have tons of money that was looted by selling the tons of food & goods stolen from the mouths & hands of millions of Indians that starved and died on the streets of the most fertile land in the world, due to artificial famines deliberately caused by evil governance during colonial enslavement.

Churchill killed more Hindus, than Hitler killed Jews.

The colonial powers have blood on their hands.

Search Google Images for "Great Bengal Famines", "Great Madras Famines", "Great Decdan Famines". You will not get sleep after seeing those horrific images from history that has been suppressed at most schools of the world.

And before you argue about smartness, you should first find out why Wikipedia has suppressed that fact that Arabs never invented any numerals or decimal system or algebra or trigonometry or calculus -- it was all copied and translated from the ancient Indians. But Wikipedia doesn't credit the numerals to be of Indian/Hindu origin and invention.

Once you understand why and how even in modern era, the powers that be, are still suppressing India because they are afraid of India rising to be great again, then all your arguments will fall by the wayside.


You its honestly really disappointing, the thinned skinned nature of HN is really shocking never new about it until started using the active view instead of the standard view. This specific critism isn't even really that political. They are pointing out the economic consequences of poor policy. I think its tricky to navigate though because I'd prefer not everything become politcal

Yes, I really don't understand why we cannot discuss the current reality like, well, hackers would. Like developers do when discussing design patterns or types of databases. Flagging content that should interest hackers ... like the perceived scientific reputation of the US ... seems overprotective and fussy to me.

If its more energy efficient it is doing something different there is no guarantee that its more accurate long term. Weather is horrible difficult to predict and we are only just alright at it. If LLM are guessing at the same rate we are calculating but I am doubtful

Well that was a failed response opps. I am just cautious because while transformers get the random guessing right you can get the right answer statistically but fail on accuracy improvement long term. Clearly this model does better than the current model but extending it to be even better seems basically intractable besides throw more data at it but what if it derived the wrong model you simply cannot actually know

As a computer science guy who interlops in computer engineering i really want to find time to build something cool like this and tapeout. The retro architectures for rendering are simple but fun! I love the project

I recommend getting started like the author did: simulation first, then FPGA. Honestly FPGA will take you very far. I always get a kick out of being able to design my own SoC. "Hmmm I need 9 separate I2C ports... Ok, copy block, paste paste paste..." Or if you have an operation in software that's taking forever you can write an accelerator for it

What are the best modern tools to get started with in simulation for those who have never dabbled before?

I do the vast majority of my work on xilinx and it's easiest to just use the built in simulator. It's free and supports vhdl and verilog. Most support just one. For lattice and microchip work I use what the tool provides which is usually a cut down modelsim or something


Try https://8bitworkshop.com/verilog to get started with dabbling

The other commentator mentioned Verilator (which is indispensable in larger designs) but you may also want to grab Icarus Verilog too. It's a FOSS simulator and, unlike Verilator, is 2-bit and so it handles X ("don't care") and Z ("high impedance") signals. It's ridiculously slow compared to Verilator but the greater fidelity can be valuable depending on what you're trying to do.

Verilator is very good. It's faster than anything else, and it is free. The downsides are it won't stimulate encrypted IP blocks. And it doesn't do mixed language sim, so vhdl is no bueno.

Are there any open or at least standard FPGAs that the open source community flock to? Last time I looked into FPGAs, it was mostly closed architecture and proprietary tools

One flock-to is Lattice ICE40 series. Decent support from Yosys for hobby stuff at least. Possibly Go-win. You can develop for many of the affordable FPGAs with free versions of the proprietary tools. As for "closed architecture" it depends what you mean, the architecture of all FPGAs that I know of is documented, the tools show you how your design was mapped onto the hardware. The proprietary stuff includes the timing model that drives the static timing analysis and timing-aware place and route.

Not for anything mid to higher range, but I believe there's open source tooling for some of the older Lattice and Xilinx parts. I would say for me it's not as big a deal as on the software side, because each vendor's hardware tends to be pretty different from each other anyway.

Dang, sounds like there’s still a bit of lock in. That’sa shame

I think there will always be vendor lock in. The same way there have been architectural differences between Intel and AMD's x86, or even stuff like one specific chip/family tanking performance because one instruction was implemented differently, you won't be able to guarantee efficient utilization of different vendor/families.

For example, I've taken code optimized for Xilinx, ran it for another vendor, and resource count ballooned because stuff that was built-in/free on one wasn't on the other. It's a lot of work to truly make generic code and usually just means switching out modules per vendor.


Do you know if there are any tutorials that use bounded model checking tools from the very get go? For verilog or VHDL.

It’s amazing and wonderful to see the Internet support these tiny cliques of interest. Having everybody connected leads to homogenization of culture in some ways, but it also supports these couple dozen (?) people around the world finding each other for this amazing little competition.

   Having everybody connected leads to homogenization of culture in some ways
The internet may hypothetically homogenize culture relative to a society that does not have any kind of mass communication at all, but relative to the world it was actually introduced into, the internet has completely balkanised the culture. Prior to the internet, we had television, cinema, literature, radio, and newspapers, which were all centralised and controlled enough that they created a shared monoculture in nations. A signifant portion of a country's population would watch, read, and listen to the same media. The internet bucked that trend, allowing all kinds of new subcultures to pop up and to more easily cross national boundaries.

Yeah, back in the day you would go to school the next day after a show that everyone watches released its new episode, it aired on the prime-time slot on the primary TV channel, and you'd discuss what happened in that episode, or have some references or new jokes. Created a common culture.

I remember those days. As the only kid in school who didn't watch Lost, those days sucked

Then algorithms optimized content for addictiveness and we’re in a world where a large part of the world looks at the same set of „influencers“.

I think their is a huge difference between using a library and using python instead of C/Rust etc. You use those because they are fundementally more efficient at the expense of having to worry about efficient memory use. Robust programming is a trade off and the speed of development might be worth it but it also could be so problematic that the project just never works. A sort library is an abstraction over sorting its extension to your language pool you now have the fundemental operator sort(A). Languages kind of transend the operator difference.

I think the problem the OP is trying to get at is that if we only program at the level of libs we lose the ability to build fundementally cooler/better things. Not everyone does that of course but AI is not generating fundementally new code its copy pasting. Copy Pasting has its limits especially for people in the long term. Copy paste coders don't build game engines. They don't write operating systems. These are esototeric to some people as how many people actually write those things! But there is a craftsmanship lost in converting more people to Copy Paste all be it with inteligence.

I personally lean on the side that this type of abstraction over thinking is problematic long term. There is a lot damage being done on people not necessiarly in Coding but in Reading/Writing especially in (9-12 grade + college). When we ask people to write essays and read things, AI totally short circuits the process but the truth is no one gets any value in the finished product of an essay about "Why columbus coming to the new world cause X,Y or Z". The value is from the process of thinking that used to be required to generate that essay. This is similar to the OPs worry. You can say well we can do both and think about it as we review AI outputs. But human's are lazy. We don't mull over the calculator thinking about how some value is computed something we take it and run. I think there is lot more value/thinking in the application of the calculated results so calculator didn't destroy mathematical thinking but the same is not necessiarly true in how AI is being applied. The fact of your observation of inn junior dev's output proves support to my view. We are short circuiting the thinking. If those juniors can learn the patterns than there is no issue but it's not guarenteed. I think the uncertainity is the the OPs worry but maybe restated in a better way.

Love to hear your thoughts!


Its in a talk about File systems in Rust for Linux. Basically the rust maintainer who I think stepped down was talking about how the C-code base for VFS has a lot of documented but complex orderings where you have to call a lock, or pin before accessing an Inode(or something) one way but not the other. They made a bunch of Rust Types so you basically could not produce an illegal ordering and got heckled pretty hard by the "bearded guy". They basically run out the presentation time with heckling and I think the Rust maintainer quit a few months later (over many similar instances of this. don't quote me time line here)

[source] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WiPp9YEBV0Q


IIRC, the point was actually that they were undocumented in many cases, and that the Rust developers were willing to take on a lot of work, but they would need help with understanding all of the hidden and implicit "rules", but that they had received pushback for simply asking questions or asking for documentation to be comprehensive.


Okay I felt that they were undocumented but I was trying to be charitable to the bearded man :D. I didn't have time to watch the video again haha. But Yeah the push back at the suggestion was very surprising.


Isn't Asahi Lina Married to some other japanese Vtubber now? I mean maybe you'd fake all that but I doubt it. Both are more likely real people who are different. The people have totally different eccentricties its really hard to fake that type difference for a long time.

[source] https://x.com/Lina_Hoshino/status/1862840998897861007


You need downvotes for this kind of behavior haha. Maybe I need to be more important for that feature :)

The parent thread is right though medicare for all would definitely be cheaper. Larger pool to spread the risk. But more importantly we make every N healthcare provider work with M insurence. NxM complexitiy is scaling the cost of healthcare. There are simplifications but the the M insurence providers are the producer of all complexity not the N healthcare providers so basically all that bueracractic overhead also kill costs. Arguablly that wasted bueracracy equals quite a few healthcare insurence employees which I think politically complicates M4A in a stupid way.


It's not about being easy it is about being profitable. I don't care where you fall politically, accounts like this increase engagement and thus profit. Companies like profit so this type of thing despite being much easier than some might assert is going to be slow to do. You can have legal requirements around identification for accounts over 2K followers. It basically would never inconvience people unless they are trying to be an influencer


I kind of wish white showed up as that manila bookish paper color. I think my eyes read that better than white. But I dont mind dark mode either. I wouldn't never say its mandatory though


Like the background of Hacker News? This is why I've been using f.lux of equivalent since it first came out. Not so much because of all the blue light stuff, but because it's the better "dark mode" anyway (IMO).


Yes! I use "Dark Background and Light Text" addon for firefox, where you can set the colors yourself, which I did. I use #FFF2cc (I'd like to call it sandy) as my background color for nearly every website (even HN). (+permanent night mode, +blue light glasses that are orange-tinted, so your mileage may vary)


I use the OS provided Night Light feature everywhere for this, and my eyes are loving it. I have it set up to follow the day-night cycle, so during the day it doesn't get overly sepia.


Default background for early web was light gray specifically because black on pure white is kind of hard on the eyes.

I’m not a huge fan of dark mode on the desktop personally, but the people who claim #000000 on #FFFFFFF is equivalent to a paper book are misguided.


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