Every good book on compilers. I learned this from [1]. The (hard to read) original papers include [2, 3]. Interesting tidbit: Gary Kildall, one of the pioneers of abstracting dataflow analyses, later played a role in the (in)famous deal between Microsoft and IBM that became the starting point for the dominance of the former. The foundational theory behind this is abstract interpretation for which you have many introductions, including [5, 6], with the (hard to read) original being [7].
[5] F. Nielson, H. Riis Nielson, C. Hankin, Principles of Program Analysis.
[6] X. Rival, K. Yi, Introduction to Static Analysis: An Abstract Interpretation Perspective.
[7] P. Cousot, R. Cousot, Abstract interpretation: A unified lattice model for static analysis of programs by construction or approximation of fixpoints.
[1] https://cs.au.dk/~amoeller/spa/
[2] G. A. Kildall, Global expression optimization during compilation.
[3] G. A. Kildall, A Unified Approach to Global Program Optimization.
[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Kildall
[5] F. Nielson, H. Riis Nielson, C. Hankin, Principles of Program Analysis.
[6] X. Rival, K. Yi, Introduction to Static Analysis: An Abstract Interpretation Perspective.
[7] P. Cousot, R. Cousot, Abstract interpretation: A unified lattice model for static analysis of programs by construction or approximation of fixpoints.