Here's the Handelsregisterauszug for Proton, which shows ownership: https://www.zefix.admin.ch/en/search/entity/list/firm/118926...
Proton's peering relationships: https://bgp.tools/as/62371#asinfo
I'm not sure what exactly you're looking for.
It doesn‘t. It’s a joint-stock corporation and while the shareholders are registered, the register is not public.
But I guess they could be lying.